{"id":17400,"date":"2026-06-29T10:10:05","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T14:10:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cila.co\/?p=17400"},"modified":"2026-06-22T08:46:54","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T12:46:54","slug":"new-immigration-law-could-make-canada-less-secure-not-more","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cila.co\/fr\/new-immigration-law-could-make-canada-less-secure-not-more\/","title":{"rendered":"New immigration law could make Canada less secure, not more"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"jsArticle\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5379a53 ArticleContent elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"5379a53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><strong>This article was originally posted on the website of the <a href=\"https:\/\/policyoptions.irpp.org\/2026\/06\/bill-c-12-immigration-law-canada-safety\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Institute for Research on Public Policy<\/a> and was authored by Pablo Policzer, Associate Professor, University of Calgary, and Paula Vargas Lopez, Canadian Immigration Lawyer, Camino Law Group.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Canadians are increasingly told that tougher immigration rules\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-safety-canada\/news\/2025\/12\/a-safer-stronger-border-year-in-review-2025.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">equal a safer country<\/a>. With\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/immigration-refugees-citizenship\/news\/2026\/03\/new-immigration-and-asylum-measures-from-bill-c-12-the-strengthening-canadas-immigration-system-and-borders-act-have-become-law.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bill C-12<\/a>, the\u00a0<em>Strengthening Canada\u2019s Immigration System and Borders Act,\u00a0<\/em>now law, we are about to find out whether that is true.<\/p>\n<p>We believe the opposite. The bill\u2019s most consequential provisions will not stop insecurity at our borders. They will push it underground, where it is harder to see and harder to stop.<\/p>\n<p>C-12 has two main issues that need to be corrected:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It grants the immigration minister and department broad new powers to cancel immigration documents based on an undefined \u201cpublic interest.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>It denies a refugee hearing to anyone who crosses the border irregularly and fails to file an asylum claim within 14 days or who waited more than a year after first entry to claim asylum \u2014 retroactive to 2020. They may be shifted instead to a paper-based pre-removal risk-assessment process (PRRA), where successful applications are less likely.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Furthermore, PRRA decisions have never been subject to appeal before any specialized tribunal. As a result, judicial review in the Federal Court is the only avenue for challenging the decisions. The denial of hearings in C-12 is thus likely to increase the volume of cases in the Federal Court, placing additional pressure on an already strained judicial system.<\/p>\n<p>There are four key steps that need to be taken to fix these issues: amend C-12 to define the \u201cpublic interest,\u201d thus replacing ministerial discretion with a rules-based framework; restore the right to a refugee-protection hearing; create an internal risk-removal appeal mechanism; and suspend the retroactive application of the one-year rule.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The problems are widespread<\/h2>\n<p>Bill C-12 grants the government broad new powers to cancel immigration documents held by students, those on temporary and permanent resident visas, electronic travel authorizations and temporary work permits \u2014\u00a0on the basis of an undefined \u201cpublic interest.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Immigration Minister Lena Metlege Diab has acknowledged that the lack of definition\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/universityaffairs.ca\/news\/minister-defends-law-enabling-mass-cancellation-of-international-study-permits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">is intentional<\/a>. The legislation deliberately avoids specifying when or how these powers will be used \u2014 to preserve what she called \u201cmaximum flexibility.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But a system governed by ministerial discretion rather than clear legal standards is less predictable, makes it harder to hold anyone to account and is more susceptible to the kind of selective enforcement that characterizes weak institutional states.<\/p>\n<p>In a strong state, the rules govern and officials are bound by law regardless of who is involved. When discretion replaces clear legal standards, outcomes depend on relationships and political will rather than written rules, which is precisely the condition political scientists associate with weak institutionalization. Canada has spent decades building the rule of law as a competitive advantage, but this bill borrows from a different playbook.<\/p>\n<p>Also under Bill C-12, anyone who crosses the Canadian border irregularly and fails to file an asylum claim within 14 days or who waited more than a year after first entry to claim asylum \u2014 including anyone who entered Canada\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/senate-refugee-claims-c12-9.7103017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">after June 24, 2020<\/a>\u00a0\u2014 is barred from a hearing before the Refugee Protection Division of the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada.<\/p>\n<p>The retroactive reach of that provision is striking. Metlege Diab told a Senate committee that\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/politics\/senate-refugee-claims-c12-9.7103017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">37 per cent<\/a>\u00a0of asylum claims filed between June and October 2025 \u2014 roughly 19,000 of 50,000 applications \u2014 would be disallowed under this measure.<\/p>\n<p>People who have been in Canada for years may now find cases they believed were progressing to be suddenly foreclosed. Instead, they will be diverted to the PRRA, a paper-based process without an oral hearing, conducted by Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) officers.<\/p>\n<p>Consider people who fled Venezuela \u2014 a country plagued by many problems and where they might be in danger if returned \u2014 and who entered Canada through an irregular border crossing.<\/p>\n<p>Often disoriented, traumatized and unable to find legal help, they missed the 14-day window. Under Bill C-12, they will never have their case heard.<\/p>\n<p>They enter legal limbo \u2014 unable to regularize their status, ineligible for most government services and invisible to the institutions that might otherwise protect them. Because Venezuela is currently subject to a federal measure that suspends deportations to that country, Venezuelans cannot be deported, so are ineligible for the PRRA process, which applies only to people facing imminent removal.<\/p>\n<p>Many individuals from all countries are confused by the process, and the complex legal language may lead them to misunderstand their options or, in some cases, decide to leave Canada, thereby exposing themselves to further risk.<\/p>\n<p>This is where the security logic breaks down. People in legal limbo do not disappear. They become targets. Canadian cities are nodes in cartel-controlled\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/datac.ca\/rcmp-confirms-presence-of-seven-international-cartels-in-canada\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drug-distribution networks<\/a>\u00a0originating in the same countries that many asylum claimants are fleeing. Pushing vulnerable people outside the formal immigration system does not wall off those networks. It exposes them directly.<\/p>\n<p>Strip away the right to a refugee-protection hearing, as Bill C-12 does, and you strip away the right to have your case heard by a trained decision-maker.<\/p>\n<p>Making these claims subject to the PRRA is likely to result in fewer acceptances and has been heavily criticized because that process lacks a guaranteed oral hearing, does not offer procedural protections granted at the immigration board and because its decision-makers do not have the independence or the expert resources of the immigration-board adjudicators to assess the merits of a claim.<\/p>\n<p>Procedural issues compound the problem. Because the pre-removal risk-assessment process has no internal appeal mechanism, the Federal Court of Canada is expected to absorb a significant increase in judicial-review applications from people who previously were entitled to a refugee hearing but are now diverted to the PRRA.<\/p>\n<p>That will further strain a judicial system that already faces a serious funding shortfall. Diverting resources to managing the fallout from procedural shortcuts is a false economy that weakens the very security screening that Canada needs to be rigorous.<\/p>\n<p>Now that the bill is law, the question is what Parliament should do next. There are four specific interventions worth urgent attention.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Define the \u201cpublic interest.\u201d<\/h3>\n<p>The bill\u2019s power to cancel immigration documents rests on a term the government has deliberately left undefined. Parliament should amend the legislation to enumerate the specific circumstances \u2014 fraud, national security, public health \u2014 under which this power may be invoked, thus replacing ministerial discretion with a rules-based framework that can be scrutinized and challenged.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Restore the right to a refugee-protection hearing.<\/h3>\n<p>The diversion of claimants to a paper-based PRRA process removes the single most important moment of human scrutiny in the system. Restoring oral hearings \u2014 or at minimum creating a right to request one \u2014 would preserve procedural fairness and the security intelligence those hearings generate.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Create an internal PRRA appeal mechanism.<\/h3>\n<p>The absence of any internal appeal means the Federal Court will be asked to hear every contested decision. A dedicated internal review body would reduce the judicial burden and provide a faster, cheaper remedy for wrongly decided cases.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Suspend the retroactive application of the one-year rule.<\/h3>\n<p>Applying new ineligibility criteria to people who entered Canada as far back as June 2020 \u2014 foreclosing claims they had no reason to believe were at risk \u2014 raises serious concerns that Parliament did not fully debate. A targeted suspension, pending a proper legislative review, would protect those most at risk while Parliament assesses the full implications.<\/p>\n<p>Real security comes from institutions strong enough to process people correctly, not from systems designed to process them quickly and call it done.<\/p>\n<p>Pushing claimants outside the formal system does not make the country safer. It makes the risks harder to manage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a743991 Letters elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"a743991\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e9415e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"0e9415e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<div class=\"elementor-divider\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article was originally posted on the website of the Institute for Research on Public Policy and was authored by Pablo Policzer, Associate Professor, University of Calgary, and Paula Vargas Lopez, Canadian Immigration Lawyer, Camino Law Group.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":115,"featured_media":13573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[275,699,224,24,433,1444],"class_list":["post-17400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thought-leadership","tag-asylum","tag-bill-c-12","tag-cbsa","tag-ircc","tag-policy","tag-public-opinionconstitution"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This article was originally posted on the website of the Institute for Research on Public Policy and was authored by Pablo Policzer, Associate Professor, University of Calgary, and Paula Vargas Lopez, Canadian Immigration Lawyer, Camino Law Group. 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